Electrical system of distribution.



W. A. TURBAYNE. ELBGTRIGAL SYSTEM or" DISTRIBUTION.

y- APPLICATION FILED MAY 19, 1.9!09. Patented May 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

IN VEN T 0l? MMM 2,

mm/sys Wy. A. TURBAYNE. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OP DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 19, 1909. 991,1 12. y Patented May 2,1911. i

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNR, or LANCASTER, NEW YORK, AssIeNoR "To GOULD CCUP'LER COMPANY, A CORPORATION or New YORK.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 0F DISTRIBUTION.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it` known that I, WILLIAM A. TUR- BAYNE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Lancaster, in the county of Erie, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Systems of Distribution, of which the following is a specification.

` My invention relates to electrical systems of distribution and, 'although it is not limited thereto, is more especially devised with respect `to systems in which a main variable speedgenerator supplies a work circuit and in which a storage battery isarrangedto be charged from the generator and to supply the work circuit when the main generator-is not operative to do so'.

One object of my invention is to provide an exceptionally simple arrangement for causing the battery to receive a tapering charge and for maintainin the voltage across the lamps or work circuit substantially constant irrespective of the amount of load on the lwork circuit or the condition of charge of,the battery.

Various other objects, features and advantages will more clearly appear from the detailed description given below taken in connection with the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specification.

Referring tothe drawings, Figurey 1 represents diagrammatically a system embodying one form of my improvements. Fig. 2 is a s et of curves showing the relationship between the generator voltage, battery voltage and battery current, while the battery is being charged. Fig. 3 is another set of curves showing the relation between generator volts, lamp volts, volts across the lamp resistance and the lamp or work circuit currents under different loads.

Referring to Fig. 1, 4 represents a main generator which may be driven in any suitable manner,'for instance', as from the axle of a railway coach. Generator 4 feeds a circuit 5, 5 which supplies the storage bat- -tery 6 and lamps 7, 8 and 9. Thelamps 7,

8 and 9 are arranged in parallel in three circuits 1, 2, 3 respectively. 1n the circuits 2 and 3 are arranged switches 10 and 11 arran ed to close or open these. circults respective y. Adjacent the lamps 7, 8 and 9 and Specification of Letters Patent.

Appiieation ined May 1e, 1909.

Patented May 2, 1911.

Serial No. 496,979.

in the circuit 5 is another switch 12, which is arranged to close and open the circuit 5 at that point.

Between the switch 12 and generator 4 is a mainautomatic switch 13. This switch is controlled by a voltage coil 14 connected across the circuit 5, 5 so that it is responsive to voltage changes of the generator. In its upper position the switch 13 is arranged to electrically connect two terminals 15 and 16, and in its lower position is arranged to electrically connect two terminals 1'7 and 18. When the switch is in its upper position the battery and lamps are-being supplied by the main generator 4. Under these conditions a fixed resistance 19 is in series with the battery and the fixed resistance 20 is in series with the work circuits 1, 2 and 3. the connection from the terminal 16 being to a point between the resistances 19 and 20, by means of a conductor 214 When in its lower position the switch 1t /short-circuits the resistances 19 and 20 by connecting the terminals 17 and 18 together, the terminal 17 being connected directly to the battery by means of conductor 22. This connects the battery directly to the work circuits. A coil 23 in series in the conductor 5 is also arranged to aid in controlling the act-ion of the switchl. In case of a reverse current from the battery to the generator this coil opposes coil 14, thus causing the switch to open and opening the main circuit. vWhen the main generator is feeding the work circuits and battery the coil 28 aids the coil 14 in maintaining the connection between terminals 15 and 16v closed. v

The main generator 4 is provided with a shunt field 24 connected across the mains. In series with theifield 24 is an auxiliary dynamo-electric machine 25 operating as a counter machine to oppose the voltage applied to the field 24. The machine 25 is shown as being driven from the same shaft '26 which drives the main generator 4. The

counter -machine 25 is excited by a field coil 27, which, when the machine is normally 'ductor 39 and 'its other end is connected to lower position.

the opposite side of the circuit 5, 5, near the generator by means of a conductor 40. The electromagnet 34 is arranged to attract the switch 32'to close 'the circuit through the conductors 31 and' 33 between the Contact terminals 41 and 42. This action is opposed by meansii an adjustable spring 43, astopA 44 being provided tov limit the action of spring`43.'

A conductor 45 connects one terminal of the held 27 with the conductor 22, thus connecting the field 27 in series with the battery 6 when the main switch 13 is in its ihresistanee 46 is included in the conductor 45 to prevent an undue .lower position supply current to the.l

amount oi? current from flowing through the y field ''rom 'the battery. I

The operation of the system is as follows: 1When the'main generator 4 is at rest the coil 14 is denergized, the switch 13 is in itsand the battery 6 feeds the lamps through the circuit consisting of conduc/tor 22, terminals 17 and 18, switch 13, circuit 5, switch 12, any `lamps that may be turned on and circuit 5 back to the battery through coil'37 and shunt 38. 1t now the generator be started u the battery 6 will eld 27 through the following circuit: from the positive side of the battery through conductor 22 to conductor '45,. ield 27, conductors 30V and 29, main generator 4 and conductor 5 back to' the negative side'ot' the battery `This current will be in a direction to cause the auX- iliary dynamo 25 to assist the field 24, thus aiding' the main generator in building up its that the desiredvoltage volts and the battery discharge voltage is 32 y voltage rapidly. j This action continues u.-i

t-il the voltage of the main generator reaches 'a predetermined normal value when the strength of coil 14 will be such that it will operate the switch 1 3 to'close thecontact terminals 15 and 16 and open the circuitbetween tlie contacts 17 and 18. It we assume at the lamps is 32 volts and the predetermined value of ge/nerator voltage at which the switch 14 operates is 44 volts, then upon the drawing up of .the switch 13 the main `generator will supply` current through the circuit 5, conductor 21, fixed balancing resistance 1) to the battery and will supply current to the translating devices through the circuit 5, conductor 21 direction, so

-5 and the strength of v is producing 44 volts and there areno, translating devices on, 'then the electromagnet 34 is operated upon by volta e coils 35 and 36, these coils being connectc across the circuit 5, 5, by conductors 33 and 40. The voltage coils 35 and 36 are connected in series with yeach other but are arranged to oppose each other, the coil 35 being the stronger. 1f the voltage of the main generator tends to increase, the action of these coils increases, thus causing the switch 32 to close and energizing the field 27 strongly in the ppposite that theauxiliary dynamo 25 will oppose the voltage applied to the main field 24, thus cutting'frlown its strength and cutting down the volt-agent the main generator. `When the voltage'cf the 'main generator has decreased to its previous predetermined value of v44 volts the spring 43 opens the switch 32 so that the opposing e the auxiliary dynamo 25vno longer exists. 1t will thus be seen that the switch 32 will vibrate back and forth opening and closing the circuit through the ield 27 to maintain the voltage of 'the main generator substantially constant. It now the switch 12 is closed so that the lamps 7 through the eireuit l are thrown on, the coil 36 is shunted by means of conductor 39 and circuit 5. This causes the coil`35 to have an increased eiiect, thereby increasing the opposing effect of the auxiliary dynamo 25 so that the voltage of the main generator 4 is decreased. In the. present instance this decreaseis designed to be to 36 voltsunder which conditions the voltage drop through the resistance 204in series with the lamps will be 4 volts. At the same time the voltage coil 36 is sliuiited the current coil 37 is energized, said coill having an opposing effect to the voltage coil 35, but it is the combined effect of current coil^37 and voltage coil 35, with the voltage coil 36 shunted, voltage of the main generator to 36 volts. lf now circuit 2 with lamps 8 is thrown on by operating the switch 10 more current is taken from the generator through the circuit l coil 37 is increased, thereby cutting down the eii'ect of voltage coil 35 and the opposing effect of the auxiliary dynamo 35 so that the voltage of the -main generator 40 is increased. In the pres- 'ent instance this increase is designed to be to resistance'20. It again all of. the lamps are that causes theJ drop in thrown on by the yfurther closing' of switch'.

11, including lamps 9, a still further increase in current will take place so that the strength of coil 37 is further increased, -thus cutting down the opposing action of the auxiliary dynamo and causing 'voltage of the genstate of extreme dischargeno undue amount of current /Will flow through the battery. As the battery voltage rises due to its charge y .the voltage of the battery Will more nearly approach that'of the generator and ythe battery current will fall off, so that a tapering charge is given the battery. This operation -Will be c lear from a consideration of Fig.

2, in which the line A represents the substantially constanty voltage of the generator, the line B represents the battery charging voltage showing its increase from 34 volts to 43 volts.` During this increase the current drops frome to 5, and if continued the syst-ein will reach a condition in which the battery willv practically float across the line. When, however, one or more of the lamp circuits is closed, thus cutting down the voltage of the main generator, as above described, the battery current is necessarily decreased, this decrease depending upon the` condition of the battery charge at the time.

Referring to F ig.'3,'various curves areA there shown which indicate the generator volts, lamp volts, voltage across Athe resistance 20 and the lamp ampcres under various conditions of load. The line D representsy the generator volts When there is no .load upon the lWork circuits; If now Number 1 circuit is 'thrown on the voltage of the generator drops to 36 volts, as shown by line E.

Under these conditions the voltageI across the lamps"7 will be 32, as indicated by line F, and the current through the lamps 7 Will be 5, as indicated by line G, and the voltage drop through the resistance 20 will be 1, as indicated by lineI-I. When Number Q circuit is thrown on, thus including lamps 8, the voltage of the generator is increased to 40, as indicated by line I, the voltage at tno lamp circuit' remains the same, the current through the lamps-is increased .to 10 ainperes, as indicated by line J. and the voltage drop through resistance 20 is increased to 8,

as indicated by line K. Then the total load is'throvv'n on the generator, by also closing switch 11 and including lamps 9, the voltage ci the generator is increased to'44, as shown vby line L, the lamp Volts remain thel same,

thecurrent on the Work circuit' isy increased to'15 amperes, as indicated by the line M,

and the voltage'drop across tlieresistance 20 is increased to 12, as indicated by line N. `Under' the conditions last mentioned the voltage of the generator Will have been increased to its normal value of 44 volts and the battery will continue its charging as indicated by the curves of Fig. 2.

My invention, however, is not limitedto the details as described except as clearly pointed out in the appended claims. By the provision of the xed balancing resistance 19 I provide meansfor preventing injury to the batteryA by excessive charging currents When the battery is in a low state of charge. The provision upon the electromagnet 34 of both Voltage coils and the current coil responsive to Work circuit current variations provides an extremely simple, economical and eliicientarrangement for controlling the Voltage of the main generator in such a Waythat the voltage at the lamps is kept substantially constant. It will also be apparent that many other important advantagesmay be derived from my improvements which will be at once apparent to the skilled engineer.

I f I donot desire to be limited to the exact details shown and described, but

Having fully and clearly set -forth my 'invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In an electrical system of distribution, a variable speed generator, a work circuit and its translating devices and a storage battery arranged to be supplied thereby simultaneously, means for regulating the generator to maintain its voltage constantl when there is no load on the work circuit and means coperating With said vfirst mentioned means to maintain the voltage at a substantially constant but at a less value' when there is some load on the Work circuit.

2. In combination,y a main generator, a Work circuit, a storage battery operatively related thereto, means for regulating the generator to maintain its voltage substantially constant when there is no load on the Work circuit and means responsive to load changes on the work circuitcoperating With said first mentioned means to maintain the generator voltage substantially constant but at a less value When there is a given loa d on the Work circuit.

3. In combination, a variable speed ,generator, a Work circuit, a storage battery operatively `related thereto, means for regulating the generator to maintain its voltage vsubstantially constant when there is no load on the Work circuit, andv means responsive to current variations on'thelwork circuit for co-acting With said first mentioned means to maintain the generator voltage at a substantially'constant but at a less value for a 'given load on the Work circuit.

isc

ative relation thereto, means for regulatingthe generator to maintain its voltage substantially constant when thereis no load on the work circuit, means forv decreasing the voltage of the genera-tor when load .is thrown on the workl circuit and means for increasing the voltage of tlie generator as the load on the work circuit is increased.

5. In an electrical system of dist-ribution, a variable speed generator, a work circuit and its translating devices and a storage battery arranged to be supplied thereby simultaneously, means for regulating the generator to maintain its voltage substantially constant when there is no load on the work circuit, and means for decreasing the voltage of the 'generator-when load is thrown on thel work circuit innorder to decrease the charging current.

6. In combination, a variable speed generator, astorage apparatus, a work circuit supplied thereby, an electromagnetic device for maintaining the voltage of the generator substantially constant when ythere is no load on the workcircuit, said device including means acting upon'said device to decrease the voltage ot' the generator when a partial load is thrown on the work circuit, and means acting on said device to increase the voltage .on th'e generatoras more load y is thrown upon the work circuit.

7. In any electrical system of distribution, the combination of a variable speed generator, a work circuit, a storage apparatus connected to be supplied thereby, a device o'rregulating the generator to control its voltage, windings for controlling said device and connected to be responsive to voltage fluctuations ofthe system, means for increasing the effect ofsaid windings upon a tlow of current in the work circuit-and independent windin s on said device for decreasingthe effect o said windings upon further increase in the iow of current in the work' circuit.

8. In combination, a variable speed wgenerator, a work circuit, means for regulating the same to maintain its voltage substantially constant responsive to voltage fluctuations when there is no load on the work circuit, means 'cooperating with said first mentioned means to cut down the voltage of the generator and lmaintain the same substantially constant when ya given load is thrown on the work circuit, and means co-acting with said first mentioned means to increase the voltage of the generatorI and maintain the same substantially constantupon a given increase in load on the work` circuit.

9. In combination, a variable speed generator, a Work. circuit and a storage battery supplied thereby, an auxiliary dynamo for regulating the generator, an electromagnet for controlling the action ot"`the auxiliary dynamo, vincluding al voltage coil responsive to voltage fluctuations of lthe system for controlling. said electroinagnct, means for varying the ei'lect of said voltage coil when any load is thrown on the work circuit, and means for varying the effect of said electroinagnet as .the load on said work circuit varies.

l0. ln combination with a variable speed generator, a work circuit and a storage apparatus supplied thereby, means for regulating the generator to maintain its voltage substantially constant when there is no load on the work circuit, said means including-an electromagnet controlled by a voltage coil responsive to voltage iiuctuations ot the generator, and means for causing said electroinagnet to be controlled by voltage fluctuations across the work circuit when any load is thrown on the work circuit.

1l. lln combination with a variable speed generator, a work circuit and a storage apparatus supplied thereby, means for regulating the generator to maintain its voltage substantially constant when there is' no load on the work circuit, said means including an 'electromagnet controlled by a voltage coil,

and means for causing said electromagnet to be controlled by voltage fluctuations across the work circuit when" any load is thrown on the work circuit, and means for varying the action of said electromagnet responsive to increases in '.lcad upon the work'eircuit.

12. In combination, a-variable speed generator, means for automatically regulating the voltage of the same, a storage apparatus,

a work circuitarranged to be supplied by the generator, a fixed resistance in series with the work circuit, a fixed resistance in series with the battery, and means for shortvvoltage to be decreased when a partial load is thrown onvthe work circuit. r

14. in combination, a variable speed generator, a storage battery and a work circuit arranged to be supplied thereby, means for maintaining the generatoryoltage substantially' constant when there is no load on the work circuit, a ixed resistance in series with the battery to prevent undue current therein when the battery' is in a state of low.

charge, means for causing the generator Voltage to be decreased when a partial load maintaining the generator voltage substan,

tially vconstant, when there is no load on the work wcircuit, a fixed resistance in series with the battery to prevent undue current therein when the battery is in a state of low chargexmeans for causing the generator voltage to be decreased when aA partial load 1s thrown on the ivorlr circuit and a fixed resistance in series in tlefgvork circuit.

1B. In combination, a"'\ariable speed generator, a storage battery and a work circuit arranged to be suppliedthereby, means for maintaining the generator voltage substantially constant when there is no load on the work circuit, a ixed resistance in series with the battery to prevent undue current therein when the battery is -in a state of low charge, means for causing the generator voltage to be decreased'when a partial load is thrown on the work circuit, and means for shortcircuiting said resistance 'to connect the battery directly to the work circuit when the voltage of the generator drops below a predetermined value. v

17. In combination, a variable speed gene erator, a storage battery and a work circuit arranged to be supplied thereby, means for maintaining the generator voltage substan tially constant when there is no load on the work circuit, a fixed resistance in series wit-h the battery to prevent undue current therein when the battery is in a state of low'charge, means for causing the generator voltage to be decreased whenv a partial load 'is thrown on the work circuit, said' generator regulating meansl embracing an electromagnet controlled by a coil responsive to voltage fluc` tuations on the work circuit.` v

18. In combination, a variable speed gen# erator, a storage battery arranged to be supplied thereby, a work circuit arranged in a plurality of parallel branches operatively related thereto, means for maintaining the generator voltage 'substantially constant when there` is nov l'oad` on the worlc circuit, means for causing the generator voltage to be materially decreased when the load on one of said branches is thrown. on, and means for causing thegenerator voltageto be increased step by step as the load on the other branches is thrown on.

19. In combination, a variable speed generator, a storage battery and a work circuit arranged to kbe supplied thereby, an 'auxiliary dynamo forregulating the main generator, a vibratile switch for controlling the action of said dynamo, a coil responsive to voltage fluctuations of the work circuit for controlling said switch, a coil connected responsive to the volta-ge variations. of the generatorand arranged to'oppose said first mentioned coil, and means for shunt-ing said second mentioned coil when any load is thrown on the generator v from the work circuit. u .20. 'In combination, a variable speed generator, a storage battery and a work circuit arrangedt'o be suppliedv thereby, an auxiliary dynamo for regulating the main generator, a vibratile switch for controlling the voltage fluctuations controlling said switch, a coil connected responsive 'to the voltage variat-ions of the generator and arranged to 'oppose said first mentioned coil, and means for shunting said second mentioned coil when any load is thrown on the work circuit, and a coil for opposing the action of said rst mentioned coilas further load is thrown on the work circuit.

21. In combination, a variable speed genei'ator', a storage battery and a `work circuit arranged to be supplied thereby, an auxil- 4iarydynamo for regulating the voltage of controlling the field of said dynamo, an electromagnet for controlling said switch, 'voltage. coils arranged to maintain the voltage there is no load on the work circuit and to decrease the voltage of the generator and maintain it substantially constant when a partial load is thrown upon the work circuit, a coil responsive to Variations in the Work circuit for causing the voltage of the generator to increase as the load on the work circuit is increased, a fixed resistance in series with the'work circuit, a lfired resistance in series with the battery, and means for .short-circuiting -said resistance to connect the battery direct-ly to the work circuitv responrsive to certain Variations in the electrical condition of the system.

' 22. In'combination with a generator, a 'Stora' e battery and a work circuit including trans ating devices, a' iiXed resistance in se ries with the battery, a fixed resistance in series with the work circuit, means for maintaining the generator voltage substantially constant when there is no load on the work circuit, co-acting means for reducing the generator voltage when the work circuit is stantially proportional to increases in' the voltage dro developed across said second mentioned ed resistance as the load on the work circuit increases.

Y-2/3.In combination with a generator, a storage battery and a work circuit inaction of said dynamo, a coil responsive to.

the main generator, a vibratile switch forA of the generator substantially constant when energized and additional means for co-act- -V 1ng to increase the generator voltage subcluding translating devices, a fixed resistancel in series with the Work circuit, means for maintaining the generator Voltage substantially constant When there is no load on the Work circuit, co-acting means I for reducing the generator voltage When the Work circuit is energized, and co-acting means lfor increasing the generator voltage as the voltage drop across seid Xed resist- 10 'ance is increased 1n order to maintain the WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE.

Witnesses:

W. H. PATTENDEN, Tiros. DOBBINS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

